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- <text id=94TT0639>
- <title>
- May 16, 1994: Books:Can Memory Be Devilish Inventor
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1994
- May 16, 1994 "There are no devils...":Rwanda
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- ARTS & MEDIA/BOOKS, Page 86
- Can Memory Be a Devilish Inventor?
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p> The case of a father accused of satanic sexual abuse who "remembers"
- and is jailed
- </p>
- <p>By John Skow
- </p>
- <p> Lawrence Wright's Remembering Satan (Knopf; 205 pages; $22)
- seems likely to be considered the most powerful and disturbing
- true crime narrative to appear since Truman Capote's In Cold
- Blood. But what was the crime? Certainly it was not satanic
- abuse, says Wright, a New Yorker reporter, although a man sits
- in jail for confessing to just that.
- </p>
- <p> A few years ago in Olympia, Washington, two sisters, 18 and
- 20, began to talk, separately, about gross sexual abuse each
- said she had experienced as a child and had only recently begun
- to remember. Charges were filed against the girls' father, Paul
- Ingram, who seemed dazed and confused, but who denied them.
- </p>
- <p> Ingram was the chief civil deputy of the county sheriff's department
- and chairman of the local Republican Party. He was also a religious
- Fundamentalist. With great earnestness he told investigators--his fellow officers--that although he knew his children
- did not lie, he couldn't remember any episodes of abuse. The
- associate pastor of his small religious sect urged him to let
- go, to remember what he was repressing. God wouldn't let him
- remember falsely, the pastor said.
- </p>
- <p> Eventually, Ingram developed a technique for recovering memories.
- He took each fresh, unfamiliar accusation and prayed over it
- until he went into a trancelike haze. Two or three days later
- he would offer his interrogators a detailed script of the scene,
- complete with dialogue and a cast list.
- </p>
- <p> Lists were needed because the sisters' denunciations came to
- include their mother and two adult brothers; two of their father's
- male friends (against whom charges were brought); a sister of
- one of these men; assorted other children and adults; additional
- members of the sheriff's department, including the most convinced
- of the investigators; and a couple of police dogs used by the
- department. Quite late in the process the notion of satanic
- rituals was introduced by an investigator and enthusiastically
- agreed to by the sisters, who had recently seen a Geraldo Rivera
- TV show on the subject. One sister said that over several years
- she had been forced to witness the ritual murders of 25 people
- and that an aborted fetus from her own pregnancy had been ritually
- dismembered.
- </p>
- <p> No dead babies were ever found, nor any evidence of pregnancy
- or abortion. Nor did the sisters turn out to have the scars
- they claimed to have received from ritual burnings and knifings.
- There was no physical evidence of any kind. Further, the stories
- told separately by the sisters did not agree. As the membership
- of the supposed satanic cult began to take on the size of an
- amateur theatrical troupe and as the other Ingram family members
- began to sound doubtful about their confessions, charges against
- Ingram's two male friends were dropped and the investigation
- collapsed. Its premise, Wright reflects, "was that something
- must have happened. At no time did the detectives ever consider
- the possibility that the source of the memories was the investigation
- itself--there was no other reality."
- </p>
- <p> Paul Ingram, however, had already confessed. Appeals have failed,
- and he is serving a 20-year prison sentence.
- </p>
- <p> The author of this well-reported and clearly argued book is
- no polemicist, but he does quote with approval a troubling question
- asked a couple of years ago by psychologist Elizabeth Loftus:
- "Is it fair to compare the current growth of cases of repressed
- memory of child abuse to the witch crazes of several centuries
- ago?"
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-
-